Birth Control - IUDs

Intrauterine devices or IUDs are implantable birth control devices, which are semi-permanent in nature. The two variants of the IUDs (one with copper known as copper T, and other with natural female hormone, progesterone), perform different functions with the same result: to reduce the chances of pregnancy.

The copper device releases small portions of copper in the uterus, which reduces the mobility of sperms. Further, it alters the uterine wall so that an egg is accidentally fertilized; it’s unable to attach itself to the wall.

The progesterone-releasing IUD also performs two more functions. First, it thickens the walls of the cervix, which checks the entry of the sperm in the uterus. Second, it prevents the release of eggs by the ovaries. A birth control IUD is passed through the cervix opening and is positioned inside the uterus. Each of these devices has a string attached to it at the lower end that floats in the uterus, to facilitate the monitoring of the device position. After every menstrual cycle, the string should be checked through the vagina. If it appears shorter than before or altogether missing, it is an indication of a dislocated device. Currently, there are two main brands available: Paragard T (copper T) and Mirena IUD (progesterone variant).

An IUD is considered one of the most effective and safest methods of contraception. It has a nominal failure rate of 1% or less, although the instances of device displacement challenge these statistics. These devices are, however, very ineffective in providing any shield against STDs. In addition, certain interfering medications like antibiotics may suppress the efficiency of the device.

Copper T has been effective for almost a decade, and its progesterone counterparts may be effective for one year or five years. This process is also reversible. The device can be pulled out at any time. Although in case of any allergies, infections, or perforations, if the organs are damaged, the chances of future pregnancy may be greatly reduced. Some of the more common side effects associated with IUDs can include increased menstrual cramps, pimples and acne, nausea, headaches, breast tenderness and pelvic infections.

Learn more about our Phoenix Birth Control Clinical Trial