Uterine Fibroid

Uterine fibroids or leiomyoma are benign muscle tumors predominantly found in the uterus. They are the most common benign neoplasm in women and may affect about 25% of white and up to 50% of black women during the reproductive years. Uterine fibroids often do not require treatment, but when they are problematic they often require surgery. Possible interventions include hysterectomy, myomectomy, and uterine artery embolization. Uterine fibroids shrink dramatically in size after a woman passes into the menopause and many women are managed successfully without any intervention until this time. When present, the most common symptoms of uterine fibroids include dysfunctional or heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain and/or pelvic pressure. Fibroids can cause problems during pregnancy especially if large and located near the lower uterine segment or close to the inner lining or endometrium of the uterus. There is a paucity of medical therapies available and involve GnRH antagonists/agonists that produce a state of menopause to temporarily shrink the fibroid. This therapy is rarely used as a treatment but may be recommended in preparation for surgery to shrink the fibroid.

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