Testosterone Deficiency

What is Testosterone Deficiency?

Testosterone deficiency, also known as male hypogonadism, is a condition in which a man’s testicles don’t produce enough testosterone. Testosterone is the hormone mostly responsible for masculine growth and development during puberty. The effects of testosterone deficiency can vary and depend on when it developed and why.

Causes of Testosterone Deficiency

• The condition can stem from a problem in the testicles or the pituitary gland, the part of the brain that signals the testicles to produce testosterone. Testosterone deficiency may be present at birth (congenital) or develop from injury or infection later on (acquired).
• The most common cause of congenital testosterone deficiency is Klinefelter’s syndrome, in which an extra X chromosome exists. Other common congenital causes can include undescended testicals, too much iron in the blood or pituitary disorders.
• Acquired testosterone deficiency tends to be related to injury, illness or lifestyle. Common causes can include the following: chemotherapy, surgery, use of steroids, glandular malformations, infection, or use of certain medications, diabetes and obesity.

Effects of Testosterone Deficiency

While not life threatening, testosterone deficiency can have a significant impact on a man’s overall mental, physical and psychological health. Symptoms can vary depending on when it develops and can include:

• A genetically male child born with female genitals
• Erectile dysfunction
• Low sex drive
• Feminization and development of breast tissue
• Weakness of muscles
• Loss of body and pubic hair
• Underdeveloped penis and testes
• Mood disorders and depression
• Fatigue and loss of muscle mass

Treatment for Testosterone Deficiency

Treatment for testosterone deficiency involves hormone replacement therapy and depends on the cause. Common treatments that deliver testosterone can include the following:

• Injections into a muscle about every two weeks. Potential side effects include irregular testosterone levels that result in mood changes and fluctuations in energy and libido levels.
• Gel rubbed into the skin on the lower abdomen, shoulder, or upper arm. A possible side effect is a chance of the medicated gel being transferred to others.
• A patch worn on the body or scrotum, from which testosterone is released into the skin over time. The use of patches can be associated with mild discomfort, irritation and itchiness.
• Oral, which isn’t recommended long-term, as it may cause liver disease and raise the risk of heart and cholesterol problems.
• method uses a putty-like substance to deliver testosterone through the upper mouth. The testosterone is then absorbed into the bloodstream.

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